极盗车神

【文/观察者网 熊超然】当地时间5月19日，英国国防大臣格兰特·沙普斯（Grant Shapps）在接受英国天空电视台《与特雷弗·菲利普斯的周日早晨》（Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips）节目采访时声称，中国和俄罗斯日益增强的同盟关系对西方国家构成威胁，并敦促欧洲国家增加对乌克兰的致命性援助。         China US Photo:VCGAmerican scientists have voiced opposition to a proposed rule which seeks to ban federal funding for US science collaboration with China, saying that it would instead hurt US interest, the Washington Post reported on Tuesday. Chinese experts also warned that the slew of US restrictions on China-US scientific cooperation is unlikely to deal a fatal blow to China's scientific development, but could instead backfire on the US.
The proposed Office of Management and Budget (OMB) rule, set to take effect in December, would mark one of the biggest overhauls of US science funding in decades, giving political appointees greater authority over grant awards previously guided by scientific peer review and requiring that they "advance the President's policy priorities," according to the Washington Post. 
It would also effectively expand the 2011 Wolf Amendment, which bars scientists from using NASA funding for bilateral collaborations with China, to all federal agencies and scientists receiving federal funds, marking the largest break in US-China scientific engagement in decades, the US media outlet reported.
So far, the proposed rule has garnered nearly half a million public comments, many from scientists and leading US science bodies. A Washington Post analysis of 50,000 of those comments found that around 88 percent were negative.
The rule, initially set to take effect in October, was pushed back to December after a bipartisan stopgap funding bill temporarily halted its adoption. Unlike the Wolf Amendment, the rule does not require congressional approval to take effect.
"I do think there are still members of Congress who think we have a monopoly on knowledge. They think we're still in the Cold War Soviet era ... where we were ahead in most areas of science and technology. That is not the case with China. We are no longer the leader in many areas of science," said Tobin Smith, senior vice president for government relations and public policy at the Association for American Universities, which advocates on behalf of leading US research universities, per the Washington Post.
Scientists warn that the rule risks subjecting long-term scientific research to four-year political cycles. "We will not succeed if with every new administration we are ping-ponging back and forth about priorities," the American Association for the Advancement of Science said in a blistering comment, urging the administration to withdraw the rule. "Fast-tracking such profound changes ... hands an easy victory to nations like China," it said, the Washington Post reported.
This reflects a fundamental divide between the US government and the scientific community over how science should develop, Wang Yiwei, a professor at Renmin University of China's School of International Studies, told the Global Times. He noted that politicians tend to believe that suppressing China as a competitor would allow the US to preserve its market dominance and technological edge. 
Scientists, however, tend to follow a different logic, as scientific progress depends on openness, exchanges and collaboration. If science and technology are driven solely by competition and private capital, with the ultimate goal of maintaining technological monopolies, this could create greater risks and ultimately undermine US interests as well, Wang said. 
The proposed rule change is the latest salvo in a broader battle in Washington over how to respond to China's rise as a scientific superpower. In July, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) also moved to ban collaborations between scientist it funds and many Chinese research institutions and their employees, according to Science magazine. 
Liu Shaoshan, director of the Center for Embodied AI at the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society and a former US-based researcher, told the Global Times in a previous interview that the NSF's new proposed rules created a "talent wall," arguing that restrictions based on nationality, institutional affiliation, and research partnerships could reduce the global talent pool available to the US, weaken its ability to attract leading scientists, and slow scientific innovation. 
Liu also said scientific advancement relies not only on discovery but also on the exchange, validation, and dissemination of knowledge.
Wang also said China has built significant strengths through its vast pool of scientists and engineers, complete industrial chains and massive application scenarios, while increasingly moving from application-oriented innovation toward original research. Against this backdrop, US technological blockades and restrictions on cooperation are unlikely to halt China's progress, but could instead isolate American scientists from China's latest research and collaboration opportunities. Such an approach could also prevent the two countries from leveraging their respective strengths and ultimately undermine US competitiveness, Wang said.
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“如果我们珍惜我们的‘自由’，并珍惜我们的‘民主’，我们就必须担心他们（中俄）正联系在一起。”如同一众西方政客，沙普斯在受访时，再度拿所谓“自由”、“民主”说事。

谈及中俄关系，他还宣称：“如果你遇到这种情况，他们试图把他们的制度传播到世界其他地方，我们必须看到并睁大眼睛，这是对我们生活方式的直接威胁。”

彭博社报道指出，沙普斯的这番言论，是在普京近期访华后不久发表的。5月16日至17日，俄罗斯总统普京对中国进行正式国事访问，这也是其开启第五个总统任期后的首次出访。在中俄建交75周年之际，两国发表了关于新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系的联合声明。

长达万字的联合声明涵盖加强能源合作、扩大经贸往来、加强边境合作、提升创新和工业等领域合作水平、捍卫自身利益等内容。

二 | 香港《南华早报》评论称，在美西方国家试图全面制裁俄罗斯并打压中国产业发展之际，中俄两国有意进一步巩固经济联系。

联合声明还明确提及美国，对美国为维持自身绝对军事优势而破坏战略稳定的企图表示严重关切，反对美国通过扩大军事力量和拼凑军事集团改变东北亚地区力量平衡的霸权行径。声明指出，美国将“小集团”安全凌驾于地区安全稳定之上，危害地区所有国家安全。美国应当停止此类行为。

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英国《卫报》等西方媒体坦言，普京此次访华与中俄联合声明的措辞表明，中国与俄罗斯的友好关系依然牢固。分析人士也指出，中俄两国深化合作是不可避免的，中国和俄罗斯都从伙伴关系中获益。

5月17日，外交部欧亚司司长刘彬向中外媒体介绍俄罗斯总统普京对华进行国事访问情况时表示，中俄同为联合国安理会常任理事国和主要新兴市场国家，加大战略协作深度、拓展互利合作维度，顺应世界多极化和经济全球化的历史大势，是双方共同的战略选择。中俄关系发展有着坚实的基础和强大的内生动力，历经岁月洗礼和国际风云变幻考验。

四 | 中俄关系四分之三个世纪的风雨历程表明，不断巩固和发展中俄永久睦邻友好、全面战略协作、互利合作共赢，符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，也契合国际社会期待和时代发展潮流。

彭博社还提到，由于俄乌冲突以及因间谍、破坏和恐吓活动而发生的交锋，近几个月，英国与俄罗斯之间本已脆弱的关系进一步恶化。

本月早些时候，英国驱逐了一名俄罗斯武官，并对俄罗斯外交官实施了新的限制，以报复其所谓的“协调间谍活动”。此后，俄罗斯宣布驱逐一名英国武官，以作为对等回应。

谈及俄乌冲突时，沙普斯称，其他欧洲国家需要对乌提供更多援助，乌克兰总统泽连斯基正忙于加强防御，以应对俄罗斯在乌克兰东北部重新发起的进攻。他炒作渲染道：“我们正处于一场关于世界秩序运作方式的生死存亡之战中，我们必须勇敢地面对这一点。

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当地时间4月23日，英国首相苏纳克对波兰进行访问。英国政府官网则发表新闻稿，称苏纳克将在访问波兰时宣布“有史以来最大的对乌军事援助计划”。

新闻稿中提到，此次宣布的5亿英镑“额外资金”将用于快速交付急需的弹药、防空武器、无人机和其他工程支援物资，这将使英国在本财年对乌军事援助达到30亿英镑的规模，据称这些无人机“将在英国采购”，以支持“扩大国内国防供应链”。

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