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US transshipment claims attempt to build ‘higher fence,’ disrupt global supply chains: experts_我的网站

A |     据央视新闻1月17日报道，当地时间1月16日，经其家人证实，美国著名超现实主义导演大卫·林奇（David Lynch）去世，终年78岁。

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    Shipping containers are loaded and unloaded onto ships at the Port of Los Angeles, California, on July 9, 2025. Photo: VCG
When even major US allies and trading partners are swept into Washington's alleged China-linked transshipment network, is the US still cracking down on its so-called illegal tariff evasion, or is it raising its "small yard, high fence" higher and tighten it further by wielding its tariff stick and extending tariff controls across normal global supply chains?
The White House on Thursday released a report identifying roughly 40 economies as participants in what it calls a "Shadow Transshipment Network", alleging that Chinese goods are being routed through third countries to evade higher US tariffs. The list stretches across Asia, Europe and the Americas and includes some of Washington's closest allies and largest trading partners.
Chinese experts said the report is partly aimed at defending Washington's tariff policy by shifting responsibility for its weakened impact onto other economies, while also pressuring them to follow US trade and origin rules. In effect, the US is trying to extend its unilateral trade restrictions beyond its own borders and deeper into global supply chains, they said.
Build 'higher fence'
The 25-page report claims that US import sourcing saw a "substantial reallocation" after the 2018 tariffs, as China's direct share declined and imports from identified transshipment economies rose. It alleges that some goods were routed through lower-tariff jurisdictions, where minor processing, relabeling, repackaging, re-invoicing or paperwork changes were used to create the appearance of a new national origin. 
However, the report itself acknowledges that alleged transshipment risks in several major economies are "embedded within broad legitimate trade flows." It also admitted that the post-2018 shift in US imports "does not establish" that all displaced Chinese trade was illegally transshipped and partly reflected "legitimate changes in production, investment, and sourcing."
False declarations of origin or simple repackaging can amount to tariff circumvention, but investing overseas, building factories abroad or sourcing components across borders are legitimate forms of supply-chain adjustment, experts said.
One purpose of the report is to portray Washington's tariff policy as effective while attributing its diminished impact to the responses of other economies, Zhou Mi, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times. 
This allows Washington to shift responsibility onto other economies and put itself in a more favorable position in shaping the narrative around its tariff policy, Zhou said.
Cui Fan, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics, told the Global Times that US rules for determining country of origin are not fully aligned with those used by other economies. The latest move could pressure other countries to adopt US standards, but Cui said such an approach is unlikely to work.
"Countries formulate their rules of origin based on a range of factors, including the scale and technological conditions of their own industries," Cui said. "Industrial structures and the global division of labor cannot be reshaped simply through pressure from one country."
Harmonization of rules of origin - applying the same rules across countries regardless of purpose - "would facilitate the flow of international trade," according to WTO on its website. 
It has also warned that misuse of such rules may turn them into "a trade policy instrument" rather than merely a device supporting other trade policy measures, according to WTO.
Washington was pursuing hegemonic politics and unilateral bullying in the economic and trade sphere under the guise of "reciprocity", a spokesperson for China's Ministry of Commerce said when commenting on the US use of tariffs to pressure other countries into restricting economic and trade cooperation with China. 
Disrupting global supply chains

Cui said production and trade networks linking China with South Korea, Europe and other economies have taken shape over years of market-driven specialization. By lowering production and logistics costs and improving efficiency, these networks have benefited businesses and consumers across participating economies.
"The real challenge facing global trade today is not so-called illegal transshipment, but the continued damage that unilateralism and trade protectionism are inflicting on the multilateral trading system," Cui added.
Since returning to office, the Trump administration has made tariffs a centerpiece of its trade policy, rolling out sweeping "reciprocal tariffs" and other broad duties that have drawn widespread criticism at home and abroad. On Thursday, Washington announced new Section 232 tariffs on drones and their parts and components, further expanding the range of products subject to US tariffs.
US tariffs have themselves pushed companies to reconfigure supply chains. Washington is now citing those very adjustments as evidence of circumvention, effectively using the market fallout from its own tariff policy to justify further trade restrictions, Chinese experts noted.
International trade is based on mutual benefit, and sovereign countries have the legitimate right to conduct economic and trade cooperation independently, Cui said. "No country should interfere with normal global trade simply to advance its own unilateral interests."
The report broadens its scrutiny beyond routing and documentation to include China-origin inputs or components, Chinese ownership or financing, relationships with Chinese suppliers or manufacturers, China-based production steps and China-origin routing histories.
Analysts believed the latest move is more than simply making the existing "high fence" higher. By trying to bring more economies and a larger portion of global supply chains within the reach of US tariff enforcement, Washington attempted to make the "yard" itself much bigger.
Cui warned that sustained US pressure to reshape normal trade and supply-chain links could fragment mature regional production networks, and reduce the efficiency of global resource allocation, with the impact extending far beyond China-US trade given the wide range of economies named in the report.
Zhou noted that companies would be forced to redesign supply chains to manage rising policy risks, adding costs that could feed back into the US through higher inflation while creating broader frictions and instability for global trade.
。他的家人写道：“身为他的家人，我们怀着沉痛的心情宣布艺术家大卫·林奇去世了。我们希望此时能得到一些隐私空间。他永久地离开了我们，现在这个世界上留下一个巨大的空洞。但是，正如他所说，‘把目光放在甜甜圈上，而不是空洞上。’”声明还补充道：“今天是美好的一天，一路上都是金色的阳光和蔚蓝的天空。

C | ” 在声明中，他的家人们没有透露《双峰》导演的死因。不过，知情人士告诉外媒，由于洛杉矶“日落大火”（Sunset Fire），大卫·林奇被迫从家中搬离，随后病情恶化。2024年8月，大卫·林奇透露他因多年吸烟而患上了肺气肿：“不管我喜不喜欢，我都只能待在家里，我不能出去。

D | 我只能走一小段距离，然后就会缺氧。” 大卫·林奇说，“我几乎无法穿过房间，就像头上套着一个塑料袋一样。”当时，他还在社媒X上发文，称自己“状态极佳”，又说：“我充满了幸福，我永远不会退休。”这意味着如果他再执导影片，只能远程执导。大卫·林奇被誉为好莱坞超现实主义大师，是美国当代重要的导演之一。他总是以现实与超现实相结合的手法，来表达自己的思想，他的影片以华丽、阴郁、诡异夹带着黑色幽默的风格在影坛独树一帜。大卫·林奇曾指导、制作出多部经典好莱坞电影和剧集，代表作品有《蓝丝绒》（Blue Velvet）、《穆赫兰道》（Mulholland Drive）等电影，以及电视剧《双峰》（Twin Peaks）等，以黑暗、超现实主义的艺术视角彻底改变了美国电影。1946年1月20日，大卫·林奇出生于美国蒙大拿州密苏拉，其父亲是农业部研究员，带着家人四处奔波，从林奇的出生地蒙大拿再到东西海岸，最后在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市安顿了下来。林奇不爱学习，在那里勉强读完高中，然后去波士顿美术博物馆学习他心爱的美术，曾游历欧洲试图闯出一番名堂，1965年回到费城的宾夕法尼亚美术学院进修。大卫·林奇 林奇与妻子及年幼的女儿蜗居于费城的廉价公寓，过着典型的穷困艺术家生活。他开始对电影制作发生兴趣。1967年，林奇拍摄了动画短片《六个苍白的人影》；1970年在美国电影协会的资助下拍摄了一部真人参演动画片《祖母》；1974年，自编自导自演短片《被截肢者》；1977年，执导个人首部长片《橡皮头》；1980年，凭借传记电影《象人》入围第53届奥斯卡金像奖最佳导演奖；1984年，执导科幻动作电影《沙丘》。四年后，林奇转战电视荧屏，脍炙人口的《双峰镇》诞生了。

E | 该剧首季一举夺得14项艾美奖提名，其影响力迤逦至今：Showtime在2017年续拍了第三季，HBO的《真探》也在努力模仿它的风格。在60多年的职业生涯中，林奇曾入围三次奥斯卡奖，荣获两次凯撒电影奖最佳外语片奖、康城电影节金棕榈奖、威尼斯电影节金狮奖等。英国《卫报》形容大卫·林奇为“当代最重要的导演”。

F | 林奇独特的黑暗、超现实主义风格被称为“林奇主义”，这种风格在电影、文学和游戏中都有广泛的影响力。

G | 2012年，他获得了美国电影协会的荣誉学位。2019年，大卫·林奇获得了奥斯卡终身成就奖，以表彰他一生的成就和对电影的贡献。

H | 1月16日，《金刚狼》主演“狼叔”，知名男星休·杰克曼在社交媒体上分享了一篇感人的帖子，以纪念这位电影制作人。杰克曼帖子中写道：“大卫·林奇的离去令人心痛。他是一位了不起的艺术家、电影制作人、慈善家和精神领袖。他在大卫·林奇基金会的工作一直是我人生的灵感源泉。我将继续尽我所能，帮助他继续前行。” 此外，据央视新闻，当地时间16日，美国加州洛杉矶县法医办公室发表声明称，持续肆虐的山火已造成至少27人死亡，其中17人死于洛杉矶县东部的“伊顿”山火，另有10人死于洛杉矶县西部的“帕利塞德”山火。此次加州南部山火已有约82400人被强制疏散。根据加州林业和消防局的消息，洛杉矶县西部的“帕利塞德”山火及洛杉矶县东部的“伊顿”山火仍在肆虐。

I | “伊顿”山火过火面积已超过57平方公里，55%的火势得到控制；“帕利塞德”山火的过火面积约96平方公里，仅有27%得到控制。此外，洛杉矶县“赫斯特”山火和文图拉县“奥拓”山火已得到有效控制。据估计，此次美国加州南部山火造成的破坏和经济损失将达到2500亿至2750亿美元，成为美国史上损失最为严重的自然灾害。

J | 加州及洛杉矶地区政府及相关机构官员因应对山火不力而饱受批评。

K | 编辑|程鹏 杜波校对|何小桃封面图片来源：央视新闻 每日经济新闻综合自央视新闻、新闻坊、羊城派（记者：吕航）等 每日经济新闻。

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Published on:00:03:17