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Spain’s leader mulls granting amnesty to thousands of Catalan separatists_我的网站

一 |     教室里，十几个孩子正埋头揉捏着五彩黏土，艺术在他们手里就是心情——高兴是明黄，烦恼是灰线团。长桌前，9岁的边思钰举着刚捏好的黄色“开心怪兽”，眼睛发亮：“它的嘴是歪着笑的！”这是记者近日在西湖区转塘街道长埭村暑期公益艺术体能培训班课堂上看到的情景。从最初1间屋子、6个孩子，到如今累计超千人次在这里拿起画笔、揉捏黏土——17年来，这个传统茶村，靠着美育衍生的文旅、文创，拓宽了增收渠道，实现了产业共富，还成了首批18个“浙江省美育示范村”之一。

二 |     BARCELONA, Spain -- Barcelona accountant Oriol Calvo ran afoul of the law when he was arrested in 2019 during a mass protest by supporters of Catalonia's independence from Spain that turned violent. A court found him guilty of public disorder and of aggressive behavior toward a police officer — offenses he denies. The 25-year-old is among several thousand ordinary citizens who faced legal trouble for their often tiny part in Catalonia’s illegal secession bid that brought Spain to the brink of rupture six years ago.Now Calvo hopes his conviction and those of many others will be wiped clean if Spain’s acting prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, follows through and issues a sweeping amnesty for the separatists in exchange for their movement's political parties helping him form a new government in Madrid.Calvo's sentence of 18 months was suspended since it was his first offense, but it is still a stain on his record and has affected his willingness to participate in politics. He has stopped going to rallies for independence for fears that it could complicate his legal situation. He also felt betrayed.“I became very bitter,” Calvo said. “I felt betrayed by the justice system, but also I thought about all the efforts that the movement had made in the fight to achieve independence that had gotten us nowhere.”Sánchez, who has granted pardons to several leaders of the movement in the past, says that the amnesty will be positive for Spain because it will further reduce tensions inside Catalonia. Yet no one doubts that he is doing it only out of political necessity given how divisive the Catalan independence movement is both inside Catalonia and the rest of Spain.A national election in July left no party close to an absolute majority and with Sánchez in need of the support of several smaller parties to stay in power. Those include two pro-secession Catalan parties who led the unsuccessful 2017 breakaway attempt and who now find themselves holding the key votes in Parliament that Sánchez requires. Given the chance to play kingmaker, the two separatist parties are using their leverage. They have made an amnesty law as a prerequisite for supporting Sánchez.The clock is already ticking. Sánchez has until Nov. 27 to form a government, otherwise new elections will be triggered for January.Sánchez and his center-left Socialist party have tried to keep as quiet as possible on the amnesty question, but the leader has acknowledged that talks are on-going with the Catalan parties, including one led by the fugitive former regional leader of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, who fled Spain for Belgium after his dream to carve out a new state in northeast Spain collapsed.Spain’s courts are still trying to have Puigdemont extradited. Given that Puigdemont is considered an enemy of the state for many Spaniards, any deal that could benefit him is politically toxic.Tens of thousands of people rallied in downtown Barcelona on Oct. 8 against a possible amnesty in a sign of the danger that Sánchez runs.An amnesty "would be shameful because Spain can’t be governed by people who want to split from the country,” said 23-year-old Pablo Seco, an aeronautical engineer who attended the rally.For Montserrat Nebrera, professor of constitutional law at the International University of Catalonia, the negotiations between Sánchez and the separatist leaders are a “hall of mirrors” wherein both sides try to appear that they have the upper hand, when in reality they need one another.“Pedro Sánchez needs the amnesty law to pass so he can get the four votes he is lacking,” Nebrera told the AP. “The secessionists, however, also need to show their people that they are not only interested in saving the necks of their leaders ... but also of the people who disobeyed authorities or damaged public property and whose punishments, while not huge, have greatly complicated their lives.”Spain’s conservative party, which lost a bid to form a government last month, is already bashing Sánchez for what it describes as selling Spain out to stay in power. Former Socialist prime minister Felipe González has also said that the amnesty is not merited.Spain granted a sweeping amnesty during its transition back to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. But legal experts are divided over the constitutionality of an amnesty for the Catalan separatists.The pro-independence Catalan organization Omnium Cultural says that an amnesty should benefit some 4,400 more people, mostly minor officials and ordinary citizens who either helped to organize an illegal 2017 referendum or participated, like Calvo, in protests that turned ugly.But Omnium and the two Catalan separatist parties say they want much more than just a clean slate for people in trouble with the law: they want the terms of the amnesty to establish a legal pretext for Catalonia eventually holding a binding, authorized referendum on independence.“For us, the amnesty is not the solution to the conflict, it is the starting point from which the conflict can begin to be resolved,” said Xavier Antich, president of Omnium Cultural.That going-for-broke position, however, may run the risk of wrecking the whole operation, as well as leaving people like Calvo in the lurch.“They have already tried to have a referendum authorized and it has not worked,” Calvo said. “So I believe that trying to force something that we know isn’t going to happen is useless and could derail the amnesty talks.”___Videojournalist Hernán Muñoz contributed to this report.。缘起：教授夫妇和6个孩子的暑假之约2009年，中国美术学院教授李秀勤把工作室搬到了茶山环绕、民风淳朴的长埭村。“要是能让这里的孩子们在家门口接触艺术就好了。”这个念头在李秀勤心里扎了根。2010年暑假，她和同在中国美术学院任教的丈夫郭连训自掏腰包买来教学用具，办起了暑期公益艺术体能培训班（以下简称“艺术班”）。最初，艺术班只来了6个孩子，村民王莲娣的女儿傅王滢就是其中之一。“十几年前进村的艺术家很少，我们不懂艺术，不知道雕塑有什么用。”王莲娣说，大家当时对“艺术班”没什么概念，但觉得暑假孩子有人带还能学东西，肯定是好事。孩子们坐进教室后，变化悄然发生。李秀勤手把手教他们绘画、书法，由郭连训上色彩教学课，不追求“画得像”，而是让孩子尽情去感受、去表达。“我女儿画的小鸡还被李老师贴在了墙上，她开心得不得了。”王莲娣笑着回忆。随着艺术班名气渐长，来的孩子也越来越多。李秀勤还发起“能量传递”展览，展名由村里孩子书写，展出中国美术学院师生与长埭村儿童的作品。接力：从“一家事”到“全村事”2015年，艺术班从美术、书法拓展至木工、陶艺、国学。2018年，长埭村入选浙江省未来乡村试点，村委会正式接管艺术班运营，艺术班从“一家事”变“全村事”，驻村雕塑家、书法家等纷纷加入。2021年，李秀勤夫妇将接力棒交给青年艺术家郭李彦如。接手后，郭李彦如有了自己的教学方向：“前辈艺术家以传统绘画和书法为主，我希望孩子们能‘玩起来’。”于是，课堂上有了模拟茶山生态的生态瓶、结合非遗的皮影戏，蝉鸣新芽被揉进作品。美育播下种子，总会在某个节点发芽、成长。傅王滢7岁时参加培训班，跟着李秀勤学了6年，如今成了一名设计师。“没有这段经历，我或许不会走上艺术这条路。

三 | ”傅王滢说，这份热爱支撑她考取了设计专业。在长埭村，这样的孩子不是个例。

四 | “以前村里没人参加艺考，办了艺术班后渐渐有孩子去学艺术了。”长埭村相关负责人介绍，截至目前，艺术班累计培训超千人次，其中50余人参加艺考，10余人从事艺术相关行业。美育之风更是吹醒了整个村子。浓厚的艺术氛围吸引了越来越多的艺术家入驻，闲置老茶屋、旧农房变身工作室。目前长埭村集聚了300余位驻村艺术家，形成“环村艺术链”。2025年，长埭村接待游客89.26万人次，同比增长20%；旅游收入（含乡村旅游带动的农产品销售收入）8565万元，同比增长10%。

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Published on:19:07:11