西游记后传

刚不久，美国公布新的对华关税，在涉及太阳能方面将最高关税提到了50%，由于中国许多企业在东南亚设厂，然后再出口美国，因此实际对中企影响不大。

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但紧接着，美国继续大行保护主义，美国认为中企通过在柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国和越南这四个东南亚国家组装太阳能组件来规避长期存在的关税。

之前拜登免除了从这些国家进口的许多太阳能电池和组件的反规避关税，但6月就到期，美国宣布从6月6日开始，从柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国和越南进口的太阳能产品将被征收关税。

由此可见，美国对中国企业打压就是要到极致的底部，在太阳能电池板上，华盛顿认为中国现在取消了补贴，但太阳能光伏部署依然很快，预计将在2024年实现2030年国家风能和太阳能光伏装机目标，比计划提前六年。

这就意味着大量的太阳能电池板要出口，拜登认为“防患于未然”，所以先把关税事情敲定了。    HONG KONG -- The governor of California opened a week-long trip to China on Monday with an assurance that his state will always be a partner on climate issues no matter how the U.S. presidential election turns out next year.Democrat Gavin Newsom's visit comes as U.S.-Chinese relations witnessed a sharp deterioration in recent years due to trade disputes, U.S. support for self-governing Taiwan and human rights concerns, among other contentious issues.Attempting to reinforce his state's role as a global leader on climate change, Newsom began his visit with a climate-themed discussion at the University of Hong Kong. He told the audience they “can rely on California,” while addressing claims that the United States is not a reliable ally.“I want you to know, regardless of what happens nationally, sub-nationally, you have a partner in the state of California,” he said. Climate remains one area where collaboration is seen as possible and necessary. Both countries appear to have fully re-engaged in the run-up to the next U.N. climate change conference, which opens Nov. 30 in Dubai.Newsom said China and the U.S. have long-standing partnerships on the issue of climate change that he wanted to build upon. Li Yongsheng, deputy commissioner of the Chinese foreign ministry in Hong Kong, said at the opening of the event that China-US relations “have shown positive signs of rebounding," and that he believed Newsom's visit will be productive.Other attendees included Gregory May, U.S. consul general in Hong Kong, Eden Woon, the president of the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, and Elsie Leung, Hong Kong former secretary for justice. But Newsome's trip to China has drawn concerns from some 60 advocacy groups and non-governmental organizations. They expressed their disappointment in a joint statement Friday characterizing the governor’s trip as a move to “explicitly turn away from engaging on critical human rights issues.”Asked if the only way to make progress on climate matters with China is not to mention human rights issues, Newsom denied the tradeoff, saying, “we can do many things at once.” After his Hong Kong trip, he will head to Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Guangdong and Jiangsu. He will visit the first Chinese city to deploy an all-electric bus fleet, tour an offshore wind facility and see Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory. He will sign agreements with leaders of various Chinese provinces to set mutual commitments on a host of climate goals.Newsom’s agenda also includes conversations on “strengthening cultural ties and combating xenophobia,” and promoting economic development and tourism.Governors of California, which has an economy larger than most countries, have a long history of climate collaboration with China. Democrat Jerry Brown and Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger also traveled there to swap knowledge on reducing air pollution and emissions, and since leaving office, Brown has launched the California-China Climate Institute at the University of California, Berkeley.。

值得一提的是，美国之所以针对中国商品，理由就是“产能过剩”，为什么过剩，补贴的缘故。

然而，美国却大摇大摆的补贴太阳能——国内生产的铁、钢以及在美国开采、生产或制造的产品的制造商将获得清洁能源的生产税收抵免。根据白宫的说法，如果项目满足国内含量要求，以及其他三项专注于劳动力、能源输出或在2023年1月29日之前开始工作的要求之一，项目可以获得10%的全额奖金。

按老美自己的设想，投资的目标是建立美国工业，使太阳能等新技术的成本下降25%。

在经历了之前全球价格下跌之后，新一轮的周期中，太阳能电池板模块成本明显下降，但欧美和中国的差距进一步拉大了——2024年第一季度，中国的平均成本为57美元，而美国的平均成本为127美元。

可以说，对西方太阳能制造商来说，这些艰难时期将持续下去。在未来两年，制造商将增加300吉瓦的太阳能电池组件年产能——相当于2023年全球总需求的70%以上。

而这些商品绝大多数依然是中国企业主导，因为无论怎么算，欧美的成本依旧要比中国高，尽管美国有补贴也一样，况且大部分美国企业不能全部享受，因为要求太高，几乎就是业链上游都在美国生产，才能拿到。

实际上，大部分原材料，美国都需要进口。所以，现在美国学者几乎都认为拜登现在出台一系列贸易措施，目的就是选票，至于当选以后，可能会是另一番情景也未可知。