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抗衰老研究通过喂食高糖饮食来延长蠕虫的寿命_我的网站

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一 |     LAGOS, Nigeria -- The United Nations said it will repatriate nine peacekeepers from a South African contingent in eastern Congo who were accused of sexual assault and other abuse.The U.N. decided to immediately repatriate the peacekeepers and a senior officer of the South African army “due to the seriousness of the allegations against them,” the organization said in a statement on Friday. The senior officer allegedly tried to hinder a probe into the allegations and threatened other peacekeepers. Two other indicted senior officers will also be replaced, the U.N. said. More than 12,000 U.N. peacekeepers are deployed in eastern Congo, where more than 100 armed groups are active. The U.N. said its preliminary assessment found that the nine peacekeepers were “fraternizing after curfew hours” in prohibited bars where prostitution takes place. The soldiers were also alleged to have assaulted staff of the peacekeeping mission and the military police who were trying to arrest them, the statement added.South African authorities have indicated their “full cooperation, in particular through the deployment of a national investigator,” the U.N. said, promising that victims would be assisted and that the peacekeeping mission would remain committed to upholding U.N. standards.Such accusations of sexual abuse by U.N. peacekeepers are not new in various parts of the world, from Congo to Haiti where peacekeepers are deployed. The victims in many instances are children.The abuses are particularly rampant in Congo, which accounted for one-third of the nearly 2,000 sexual abuse and exploitation complaints made against the U.N. worldwide in 2017. The U.N. has also been accused of not doing enough in handling such allegations. Last year, Secretary-General António Guterres said the organization has "not succeeded in all respects, but neither have we stood still” in handling the sexual abuse crisis.。    南洋理工大学的细胞生物学家和研究负责人Guillaume Thibault副教授说:“衰老是各种人类病症的一个关键风险因素,从糖尿病等代谢性疾病到癌症和神经退行性疾病。

二 | 从公共卫生的角度来看,确定支撑衰老过程的细胞途径可以使我们更接近开发新的治疗策略来治疗与年龄相关的疾病。

三 | ”该研究将目光投向了当细胞内未折叠的蛋白质积累时发生的应激反应。这可能是由过量的葡萄糖或自然老化引起的,因为我们负责生成健康蛋白质的细胞机器正在退化。该机制被称为"未折叠蛋白反应",它通过压力传感器监测这些事情,并在需要时启动行动,清除未折叠蛋白以维持细胞的平衡。该研究的作者试图探索未折叠蛋白反应在衰老中发挥的作用,利用蠕虫秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C. elegans)进行分析。这些蠕虫是衰老研究中受欢迎的模型,因为它们与人类有着相似的基因组和许多细胞通路,但寿命只有三或四个星期,这使得它们的寿命变化相对容易测量。一组蠕虫在生殖期后的年龄(在它们不再有生育能力的第5天)被喂食高葡萄糖饮食,而一组处于成年期(一天大)的年轻蠕虫被喂食同样的饮食。

四 | 年长的蠕虫几乎活了两倍,活了24天,而年轻的蠕虫只活了13天。一组正常饮食的蠕虫的对照组活了20天。与这些对照组动物相比,使用高脂肪饮食的老年蠕虫更加敏捷,并具有更多的能量储存细胞,研究人员说这表明它们的衰老更加健康。当科学家们给蠕虫喂食含糖的食物时,他们密切监测与未折叠蛋白反应有关的压力传感器的活动,并发现与年长的蠕虫相比,年轻的蠕虫中的一个传感器高度活跃。名为IRE1的科学家们随后删除了编码这一压力传感器的基因,实际上是关闭了压力反应的细胞途径。有趣的是,这导致年轻的蠕虫活了25天,令人印象深刻,尽管它们吃的是高糖食物,几乎是有IRE1压力传感器的年轻蠕虫的两倍。这表明,在蠕虫的一生中,应激反应的持续激活有效地缩短了它们的寿命。

五 | Thibault说:“我们相信,喂给老龄蠕虫的高葡萄糖饮食刺激了它们原本迟缓的未折叠蛋白反应,并开启了某些细胞通路,不仅解决了过量葡萄糖造成的压力,而且还解决了其他与衰老有关的压力,恢复了细胞的稳定性。与此相反,由于IRE1过度激活,接受高葡萄糖饮食的年轻蠕虫在细胞中引发了未解决的压力。

六 | 这种长时间的激活导致细胞反而启动了细胞死亡。”作者说,这是第一个将这种特殊的压力反应与衰老联系起来的研究。

七 | 要正确理解起作用的机制,包括该机制如何影响其他细胞的过程,还需要更多的工作。但是,安全操纵这种应激反应的能力可能导致延长寿命和减缓细胞老化的治疗方法。“虽然我们的研究发现,高糖饮食可能有助于延缓衰老和促进老年蠕虫的长寿,但我们并不是建议老年人群现在应该转向高糖饮食,”Thibault说。“这项研究确实表明,触发细胞中的某些应激反应可能会转化为长寿,而用药物激活这种应激反应可能是减速细胞衰老的关键。”该研究发表在《自然通讯》杂志上。

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Published on:00:02:14